PAM2006 Practice Placement 2

2007-2008

Code: PAM2006
Title: Practice Placement 2
Instructors: Mrs S.J. Willis and Hospital Staff
CATS credits: 30
ECTS credits: 15
Availability: B821 only
Level: 2
Pre-requisites: N/A
Co-requisites: N/A
Background Assumed: Practice Placement 1 (PAM1007)
Duration: Dec-Apr (16 weeks)
Directed Study Time: 480 hours (placement learning)
Private Study Time: -
Assessment Tasks Time: 24 hours
Observation report: 2005/06 KMK (SRA)

Aims

This module provides further practical experience of the safe and effective practice of general and fluoroscopic imaging. It introduces students to interventional radiography and other imaging modalities. They will develop their patient-care skills and learn to handle more complex situations. The students will develop their role within the imaging department and learn to identify 'professional' and 'management' issues and understand how these are inter-related within the inter-professional context.

Intended Learning Outcomes

Students should be able to:

Module Specific Skills

• perform selected imaging, and manual handling, procedures in a safe and efficient manner;
• demonstrate competence in radiographic positioning and image acquisition, including modification of technique;
• assess and interpret images, and identify images of sub-standard diagnostic quality and take corrective action and identify when additional views are required;
• care for, and communicate with, patients appropriately;
• describe and implement radiation protection measures;
• practice, and be able to explain the principles of, appropriate infection control;
• identify and discuss applicable legal and ethical issues;
• undertake radiographs including supplementary views based on departmental protocols;
• deal with non-ambulant patient situations and complex imaging procedures;
• describe and apply the principles of exposure selection, image processing, viewing, image evaluation;
• recognise and describe, for several imaging modalities, normal and normal-variant radiographic and cross-sectional anatomy, physiology, and pathology;
• recognise and describe, for several imaging modalities, the relative merits of each modality in terms of availability and aiding the differential diagnosis;
• work effectively in the inter-professional healthcare environment;

Discipline Specific Skills

• reflect on clinical experience, identify personal strengths and learning needs;
• maintain an accurate and up-to-date log book of radiographic examinations undertaken;
• synthesise, with some guidance, information from a number of sources in order to gain a coherent understanding of theory and practice;

Personal and Key Skills

• contribute positively to the placement department;
• comply with the School Code of Practice for Clinical Placements;
• participate actively in clinical tutorials whilst on placement;
• continue development of personal and professional portfolio.

Learning and Teaching Methods

To be specified.

Assignments

Eight 250-word case studies of which 4 (randomly selected) will contribute to summative assessment.

Assessment

Note: To receive a non-zero mark for this module, students must comply with the attendance requirements specified in the School's Code of Practice for Clinical Placements and pass all clinical assessments.

Personal and professional portfolio and eight 250-word case-studies (50%); Four clinical assessments - facial bones, IOFBs or skull; modified technique; contrast agent administration; mobile chest x-ray - (40%); Viva voce (10%). A pass at 40% in each of the four clinical assessments is necessary to pass the module.

Syllabus Plan and Content

Refer to the School Handbook section Radiography Placement Documents and Forms for detailed aims and objectives for each placement area. The time spent on each placement area is shown in square brackets.

1. General (Including Dental) and / or A&E Room [7 weeks]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   3. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology and participate in red-dot schemes where appropriate.
   4. Identify the need for additional views and modification of technique in trauma.
   5. Perform radiographs on a full range of patient types, including paediatrics, elderly, infirm and trauma patients.
   6. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
2. Fluoroscopy Room [1 weeks]
   1. Use of barium as a contrast agent.
   2. Standard positioning and departmental protocols for barium studies.
   3. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   5. Identify the need for additional views.
   6. Develop involvement, increase role as a student radiographer.
   7. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
3. Mobiles and Theatres [3 weeks]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   3. Identification of normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   4. Radiation protection in wards and in theatre.
   5. The principles of a sterile environment.
   6. Develop role towards leading the interaction with ward- and theatre-staff and the imaging of the patient.
   7. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
4. Interventional Room [1 week]
   1. Observe a range of interventional procedures, including cardiac, neurological and angiographic examinations and procedures.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Participate as a member of the inter-professional team.
   4. Identification of normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   5. Identification of interventional treatment techniques.
   6. Radiation protection in a high-dose environment.
   7. The principles of a sterile environment and infection control.
   8. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
5. Computed Tomography [1 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant cross-sectional anatomy and pathology.
   5. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
6. Ultrasound [1 week]
   1. Standard departmental protocols scanning protocols and techniques for obstetric and non-obstetric ultrasound.
   2. Use of ultrasound equipment to perform measurements of anatomy and pathologies.
   3. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   4. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to patient care and communication.
7. Magnetic Resonance Imaging [1 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant cross-sectional anatomy and pathology.
   5. Particular attention to the safety issues associated with the use of strong magnetic fields for imaging.
   6. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to patient care and communication.
8. Nuclear Medicine [1 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols for a range of planar and cross-sectional imaging.
   2. Use of different isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant planar and cross-sectional anatomy, physiology and pathology.
   5. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
   6. Awareness of different radiation protection issues associated with open sources of radiation.
9. Out of Hours Shifts
   1. Gain experience in out of hours work by working five late shifts.
   2. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   3. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   4. Identify the need for additional views and modification of technique in trauma.
   5. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology and participate in red-dot schemes where appropriate.
   6. Perform radiographs on a full range of patient types, including paediatrics, elderly, infirm and trauma patients.
   7. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.

Core Text

Bontrager K.L. (2001), Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy (5^th edition), Mosby, ISBN 0-323-01219-1 (UL: 616.0757 BON/X)
Raby N. (2003), Accident and Emergency Radiology - A Survival Guide, , ISBN 0-702-02667-0 (UL: 616.0757 RAB )

Supplementary Text(s)

Whitely A.S. et al. (2005), Clark's Positioning in Radiography (12^th edition), Hodder Arnold, ISBN 0-340-76390-6 (UL: On Order)

Formative Mechanisms

Placement learning is supported by tutorials. A students progress is monitored on a weekly basis by their mentors. Students with specific problems should first approach a mentor, and if the problem is not resolved, their tutor.

Evaluation Mechanisms

The module will be evaluated using information gathered via the student representation mechanisms, the staff peer appraisal scheme, and measures of student attainment based on summative assessment.