PAM2003 Clinical Imaging 2

2007-2008

Code: PAM2003
Title: Clinical Imaging 2
Instructors: Mrs R. Yalden
CATS credits: 15
ECTS credits: 7.5
Availability: B821 only
Level: 2
Pre-requisites: N/A
Co-requisites: N/A
Background Assumed: Clinical Imaging 1 (PAM1006)
Duration: Weeks 1-5, 7-10, 21-24
Directed Study Time: 30 hours
Private Study Time: 117 hours
Assessment Tasks Time: 3 hours
Observation report: Scheduled for 2006/07 KMK

Aims

This module aims to develop knowledge of the science and technology underpinning the x-ray sources, image receptors and supporting facilities used in clinical radiology. The module also aims to provide understanding of the details of a number of advanced 2-D x-ray imaging applications now becoming widely available in imaging departments. A further aim is to provide knowledge of the way in which controls are implemented to ensure that there is continuous improvement in safety and the reliability of the imaging chain. Encompassed within this module are the example situations of angiography and neurology, utilisation of x-ray interventional procedures and use of x-ray facilities in wards and A&E Departments.

Intended Learning Outcomes

Students should be able to:

Module Specific Skills

• explain the basis of design in provision of x-ray tubes for diagnostic radiology;
• explain the basis of design in provision of image receptors for diagnostic radiology;
• explain the factors that control formulation of contrast agents;
• outline the range of two-dimensional imaging techniques available in general and interventional diagnostic x- ray radiology
• explain the needs served by interventional diagnostic x- ray radiology;
• describe the needs served by quality assurance and quality control procedures and discuss details of these
• describe the basis and evolution of CT;
• describe details of normal anatomy image interpretation/evaluation;

Discipline Specific Skills

• use appropriate sources of information to develop own knowledge;
• use IT packages for image viewing;

Personal and Key Skills

• manage time and, with some guidance, prioritise workloads;
• use problem-solving skills in practical situations.

Learning and Teaching Methods

Lectures (21×1 hour) and practical work (9 hours). Directed background reading.

Assignments

Not appliacable.

Assessment

Nine hours of practical work (10%), 45-minute test (20% Week 7), 45-minute test (20% Week 10), one 90-minute exam (50%).

Syllabus Plan and Content

1. Principles of x-radiography
   1. Design and operating principles of the x-ray tube.
   2. X-ray image receptors.
   3. Digital imaging: acquisition, processing and storage
   4. Cassette and Bucky design
   5. Science of contrast-enhancement agents.
2. Advanced 2D techniques
   1. Geometric tomography.
   2. Dual energy x-ray absorption (DEXA).
   3. Fluoroscopy.
   4. Mamography.
3. Interventional x-radiography procedures
   1. Level of anatomy demonstrated
   2. Angiography.
   3. Neurology.
   4. Imaging during therapeutic interventional procedures.
4. Quality assurance and quality control
   1. Theoretical background.
   2. Outline Quality Control tests
   3. Image-reject analysis.
   4. Radiation-protection regulations and legislation.
   5. Practical exercises.
5. Computed tomography (CT)
   1. Physical principles.
   2. Data processing.
   3. Standard equipment.
   4. Standard imaging procedures.
   5. Patient care, safe and efficient practice.
   6. Evaluation and interpretation of images: level of anatomy demonstrated, normal and pathological examples.
6. Practical image interpretation
   1. Examples from 2D and 3D imaging procedures.
7. Interprofessional work

Core Text

Chesney D.N. (1995), Chesney's Radiographic Imaging (6^th edition), Blackwell Science, ISBN 0-632-03901-9 (UL: 616.075 CHA)

Supplementary Text(s)

Dendy P.P. and Heaton B. (1999), Physics for Diagnostic Radiology, Institute of Physics Publishing, ISBN 0-750-30591-6 (UL: WN 400 DEN)
Wahner H.W., Fogelman I. and Blake G. (1998), The Evaluation of Osteoporosis: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Clinical Practice, Taylor & Francis, ISBN 1-85-31747-26 (UL: XXX)

Formative Mechanisms

Students can monitor their understanding of the module by attempting practice examination questions. Students with specific problems are encouraged to approach the lecturer. In addition, students are able to monitor their own progress in the practical sessions.

Evaluation Mechanisms

The module will be evaluated using information gathered via the student representation mechanisms, the staff peer appraisal scheme, and measures of student attainment based on summative assessment.