Description

This module provides further practical experience of the safe and effective practice of general and fluoroscopic imaging. It introduces students to interventional radiography and other imaging modalities. They will develop their patient-care skills and learn to handle more complex situations. The students will develop their role within the imaging department and learn to identify 'professional' and 'management' issues and understand how these are inter-related within the inter-professional context.

Module Aims

This module pre-dates the current template; refer to the description above and the following ILO sections.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

A student who has passed this module should be able to:

• Module Specific Skills and Knowledge:
  1. perform selected imaging, and manual handling, procedures in a safe and efficient manner;
  2. demonstrate competence in radiographic positioning and image acquisition, including modification of technique;
  3. assess and interpret images, and identify images of sub-standard diagnostic quality and take corrective action and identify when additional views are required;
  4. care for, and communicate with, patients appropriately;
  5. describe and implement radiation protection measures;
  6. practice, and be able to explain the principles of, appropriate infection control;
  7. identify and discuss applicable legal and ethical issues;
  8. undertake radiographs including supplementary views based on departmental protocols;
  9. deal with non-ambulant patient situations and complex imaging procedures;
  10. describe and apply the principles of exposure selection, image processing, viewing, image evaluation;
  11. recognise and describe, for several imaging modalities, normal and normal-variant radiographic and cross-sectional anatomy, physiology, and pathology;
  12. recognise and describe, for several imaging modalities, the relative merits of each modality in terms of availability and aiding the differential diagnosis;
  13. work effectively in the inter-professional healthcare environment;
• Discipline Specific Skills and Knowledge:
  14. reflect on clinical experience, identify personal strengths and learning needs;
  15. maintain an accurate and up-to-date log book of radiographic examinations undertaken;
  16. synthesise, with some guidance, information from a number of sources in order to gain a coherent understanding of theory and practice;
• Personal and Key Transferable / Employment Skills and Knowledge:
  17. contribute positively to the placement department;
  18. comply with the School Code of Practice for Clinical Placements;
  19. participate actively in clinical tutorials whilst on placement;
  20. continue development of personal and professional portfolio.

Syllabus Plan

Refer to the Handbook section Radiography Placement Documents and Forms for detailed aims and objectives for each placement area. The time spent on each placement area is shown in square brackets.

1. Pre-clinical Preparation
   1. Codes of Conduct.
   2. Introduction to clinical documentation.
2. General (Including Dental) and / or A&E Room [7 weeks]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   3. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology and participate in red-dot schemes where appropriate.
   4. Identify the need for additional views and modification of technique in trauma.
   5. Perform radiographs on a full range of patient types, including paediatrics, elderly, infirm and trauma patients.
   6. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
   7. Out of Hours Work [5 Shifts]
      1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
      2. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
      3. Identify the need for additional views and modification of technique in trauma.
      4. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology and participate in red-dot schemes where appropriate.
      5. Perform radiographs on a full range of patient types, including paediatrics, elderly, infirm and trauma patients.
      6. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
3. Fluoroscopy Room [1 weeks]
   1. Use of barium as a contrast agent.
   2. Standard positioning and departmental protocols for barium studies.
   3. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   5. Identify the need for additional views.
   6. Develop involvement, increase role as a student radiographer.
   7. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
4. Mobiles and Theatres [3 weeks]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Assessment of radiographs, modification of exposure factors and technique.
   3. Identification of normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   4. Radiation protection in wards and in theatre.
   5. The principles of a sterile environment.
   6. Develop role towards leading the interaction with ward- and theatre-staff and the imaging of the patient.
   7. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
5. Interventional Room [0.5 week]
   1. Observe a range of interventional procedures, including cardiac, neurological and angiographic examinations and procedures.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Participate as a member of the inter-professional team.
   4. Identification of normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   5. Identification of interventional treatment techniques.
   6. Radiation protection in a high-dose environment.
   7. The principles of a sterile environment and infection control.
   8. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
6. Computed Tomography [1 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant cross-sectional anatomy and pathology.
   5. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
7. Ultrasound [0.5 week]
   1. Standard departmental protocols scanning protocols and techniques for obstetric and non-obstetric ultrasound.
   2. Use of ultrasound equipment to perform measurements of anatomy and pathologies.
   3. Identify normal, normal-variant anatomy and pathology.
   4. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to patient care and communication.
8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging [0.5 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols.
   2. Use of contrast media.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant cross-sectional anatomy and pathology.
   5. Particular attention to the safety issues associated with the use of strong magnetic fields for imaging.
   6. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to patient care and communication.
9. Nuclear Medicine [0.5 week]
   1. Standard positioning and departmental protocols for a range of planar and cross-sectional imaging.
   2. Use of different isotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for imaging.
   3. Image processing and manipulation.
   4. Identify normal, normal-variant planar and cross-sectional anatomy, physiology and pathology.
   5. Safe and efficient working, with particular attention to radiation protection, patient care and communication.
   6. Awareness of different radiation protection issues associated with open sources of radiation.

Learning and Teaching

Learning Activities and Teaching Methods

Assessment

Notes: To receive a non-zero mark for this module, students must comply with the attendance requirements specified in the Code of Practice for Clinical Placements and pass every clinical assessment with a mark of at least 40%.

Resources

The following list is offered as an indication of the type & level of information that students are expected to consult. Further guidance will be provided by the Module Instructor(s).

Core text:

• Raby N. (2003), Accident and Emergency Radiology - A Survival Guide (2^nd edition), Saunders Ltd, ISBN 0-702-02667-0 (UL: 616.0757 RAB )

Supplementary texts:

• Bontrager K.L. (2009), Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy (7^th edition), Mosby, ISBN 0-323-05410-2 (UL: 616.0757 BON/X)
• Clark K.C. (2005), Clark's Positioning in Radiography (12^th edition), Hodder Arnold, ISBN 0-340-76390-6 (UL: 616.0757 CLA/X)
• Johns C. (2006), Becoming a Reflective Practitioner, Blackwell, ISBN 1-4051-1833-4 (UL: WY 24 JOH)
• College of Radiographers (2008), Code of Conduct and Ethics, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 9871-871101-45-X (UL: XXX)
• College of Radiographers (2007), Consent to Imaging and Radiotherapy Treatment Examinations, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 9871-871101-42-5 (UL: PAM 616.0757 CON/X)

ELE:

• http://newton.ex.ac.uk/redirects/ELE/pam2006

Further Information

Prior Knowledge Requirements

Re-assessment

Re-assessment is not available except when required by referral or deferral.

Notes: See Medical Imaging Assessment Conventions.

KIS Data Summary

Miscellaneous