Description

This module aims to develop knowledge of the science and technology underpinning 2-D and 3-D radionuclide imaging, ultrasound and MRI, and of the principles of safe practice in using these various modalities. The module further aims to provide practical training in interpretation of the images that arise from these modalities.

Module Aims

This module pre-dates the current template; refer to the description above and the following ILO sections.

Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)

A student who has passed this module should be able to:

• Module Specific Skills and Knowledge:
  1. describe and explain the design of systems for provision of two-dimensional and three-dimensional radionuclide imaging;
  2. explain the importance of the correct nuclide and nuclide carrier in radionuclide imaging;
  3. outline the range of nuclear medicine procedures;
  4. describe the systems for safe working in the conduct of nuclear medicine procedures;
  5. explain the basic physical principles of diagnostic ultrasonography, and the design of systems for its provision;
  6. outline a variety of diagnostic ultrasound procedures and describe systems of safe practice and safety considerations;
  7. describe advantages and limitations of diagnostic ultrasonography;
  8. explain the basic physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging, and the design of systems for its provision;
  9. outline a variety of magnetic resonance imaging procedures;
  10. explain how image weighting can aid a diagnosis in magnetic resonance imaging;
  11. describe systems of safe practice and hazards involved with magnetic resonance imaging;
  12. describe advantages and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging;
• Discipline Specific Skills and Knowledge:
  13. use appropriate sources of information to develop own knowledge;
  14. use IT packages for image viewing;
• Personal and Key Transferable / Employment Skills and Knowledge:
  15. manage time and, with some guidance, prioritise workloads;
  16. use problem-solving skills in practical situations.

Syllabus Plan

1. Principles of nuclear medicine
   1. Principles of 2D radionuclide imaging.
   2. Design and operating principles of the gamma camera.
   3. Outline of 3D radionuclide imaging (PET and SPECT).
2. Nuclear medicine techniques and applications
   1. Radiopharmaceuticals: choice of isotope and activity
   2. Tagging, physiological uptake and half-life.
   3. Data processing.
   4. Standard equipment.
   5. Standard imaging procedures.
   6. Patient care, safe and efficient practice.
   7. Radiation-protection regulations and legislation.
   8. Evaluation and interpretation of images: level of normal anatomy and physiology demonstrated, normal and pathological examples.
3. Ultrasound
   1. Physical principles.
   2. Heating and cavitation: patient hazards.
   3. Standard equipment.
   4. Standard imaging procedures: A scan, B scan, M scan.
   5. Patient care, safe and efficient practice.
   6. Evaluation and interpretation of images: level of normal anatomy demonstrated, normal and pathological examples.
4. Advanced ultrasound techniques
   1. Doppler flowmetry: principles, equipment and interpretation.
   2. Doppler imaging: principles, equipment and interpretation.
   3. Echocardiography: principles, equipment and interpretation.
5. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
   1. Outline of physical principles.
   2. Patient hazards: static magnetic field, switching magnetic fields, r.f. heating.
   3. Standard equipment.
   4. Standard imaging sequences.
   5. Patient care, safe and efficient practice.
   6. Evaluation and interpretation of images: level of normal anatomy demonstrated, normal and pathological examples.
6. Practical image interpretation
   1. Examples from nuclear medicine, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging procedures.

Learning and Teaching

Learning Activities and Teaching Methods

Assessment

Resources

The following list is offered as an indication of the type & level of information that students are expected to consult. Further guidance will be provided by the Module Instructor(s).

Core text:

• Not applicable

Supplementary texts:

• Chesney D.N. et al. (1994), Chesney's Equipment for Student Radiographers, Blackwell Science, ISBN 0-63-202724-X (UL: 616.0757 CHE)
• Duck F.A. et al. (1998), Ultrasound in Medicine (Medical Science S.), Institute of Physics Publishing, ISBN 0-75-030593-2 (UL: 616.07543 ULT)
• Kremkau F.W. (2002), Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments (6^th edition), , ISBN 0-721-69330-X (UL: WN 420 KRE)
• McRobbie D.W. and et al. (2003), MRI from Picture to Proton, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-68384-X (UL: WN 418 MRI)
• Powsner R.A. and Powsner E.R (1998), Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics., Blackwell Science Inc., ISBN 0-63-204314-8 (UL: 530.02461 POW)
• College of Radiographers (2007), Safety in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Society and College of Radiographers, ISBN 9871-871101-41-7 (UL: XXX)
• Sharp P.F., Gemmell H.G. and Murray A.D. (2005), Practical Nuclear Medicine (3^rd edition), Springer, ISBN 1-852-33875-X (UL: 616.07575 PRA)

ELE:

• http://newton.ex.ac.uk/redirects/ELE/pam2004

Further Information

Prior Knowledge Requirements

Re-assessment

Re-assessment is not available except when required by referral or deferral.

Notes: See Medical Imaging Assessment Conventions.

KIS Data Summary

Miscellaneous